As trade agreements have developed and small and large companies have contributed to secure access to foreign markets, trade blocs have emerged. One of the main trading blocs today is the European Union, in which the countries of Western Europe mainly participate and which are spreading eastward; the North American Free Trade Agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico and is spreading southward; and an informal bloc in East Asia, currently dominated by Japan, but soon dominated by China. Based on previous trade patterns and policies and expected policies, these blocs will continue to develop and gain strength and influence. 20. Fagiolo G, Squartini T, Garlaschelli D. Zero models of economic networks: the case of the global commercial network. J Econ Int Coordinat. (2013) 8:75–107. doi: 10.1007/s11403-012-0104-7 Mexico has learned a hard lesson, rejected the state-administered model and opened up to free markets and liberalized trade. Today, most of the Mexican economy has been privatized and has a diversified and competitive export sector. Where oil was once the main export, it now accounts for only about 10 per cent of exports – and industrial products have risen to about 80 per cent. The success of its export sector reflects Mexico`s efforts to maintain its modernization agenda rather than return to the protectionism of the past.
When the recent crisis hit, the government of Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon maintained its resolute commitment to free market policy. On the basis of the above results, it is definitively established that the trade balance in Vietnam will be in deficit due to zero industrial tariffs. More and more industrial products from EU countries will invade the Vietnamese market, which represents a multitude of fierce competition for domestic companies, but will create great opportunities for Vietnamese companies to improve the business environment, improve product quality and diversify product types. Over the past two decades, the number of trade agreements has increased. Economists have examined in detail the economic consequences of these agreements and have focused on their effects on variables such as trade flows, productivity, firm exit and entry, employment, and wages (e.g. B Pavcnik 2002, Trefler 2004, Baier and Bergstrand 2007, Topalova and Khandelwal 2012). The principles and provisions contained in the TPP largely benefit both large and small enterprises in a number of sectors. . . .